(session two) were discussed. In this session, Dr. Seyed Hassan Akhlagh, a university professor in America and an expert in Western philosophy, was asked who the student is. They responded that just as the university is a new phenomenon, the student is also modern. The student is not like the old student who was eager for knowledge; rather, they are a present entity who believes that they can find their identity through university and be influential in society. In other words, they have a mission. The identity of the student is linked to the university, knowledge, and the modern world. Knowledge here refers to critical and modern approaches and engagement with societal realities. The student has changed from the time of Khwaja Nasiruddin's era, and today's student must be influential in society. Why hasn't the university gained prominence in Afghanistan? It is because universities were imported; they were not a natural element in Afghanistan and did not grow in suitable soil. Descartes discusses different sciences in the West first and considers philosophy as their root, stating that it is this philosophy that fosters these sciences. Therefore, trees do not grow in unsuitable and barren land. Universities in Afghanistan and similar countries have failed to align with their spirit; they have always focused on defending themselves and tried to prove that they are natural members of society. Syed Jamaluddin says in a speech at Calcutta City Hall: why has the university not yielded results in Islamic countries? Why does it act as an assembler and import Western-style knowledge but fail to produce results? His response is that we took universities from the West but did not take their atmosphere or environment. Universities grow within a philosophical space which does not exist in Islamic countries. In other words, universities are not at home there. Regarding Afghanistan, it must also be noted that education has not been established within its culture and upbringing. Afghan intellectuals have been alienated from society and have failed to establish a connection with it.
There were two groups of intellectuals in Afghanistan; some studied religious sciences and others studied non-religious sciences. When the university was established, it couldn't establish a connection with these two groups. In Habibiya High School, an Indian teacher taught English and students learned English culture, while Amani High School taught German language and Istiqlal High School taught French. The graduates of these institutions learned things that were not useful for our society. Usually, students and universities are part of civil society, but in Afghanistan they directly work with the government and have entered the political arena, creating a significant gap in knowledge production. The university should have created its own language and understanding. Private universities were not the natural result of Afghan desires; it was a process that entered Afghanistan without awareness or sustainable development. The university is a process, not a project, which has a history of 900 years in the West. Is there no longer any place for universities where multidimensionalism converges into unity? This means that there is still hidden potential within students that needs to be utilized.

Dr. Akhlaq's suggestion is that happiness lies in being content with what you have and still having plans for the future. Losing hope does not align with the spirit of building universities. Great values and ideas have made us invaluable. To have an advanced and just society, effort must be made. Justice does not come easily, and humanity has paid a price to achieve it, which we must also pay. The past twenty years have created a situation where we are expected to take responsibility as well as build ourselves up again. It took away our self-belief opportunity.

The university does not come into existence easily or overnight. We must have long-term perspectives; new opportunities are opportunities for work. Yesterday was about using what others had brought, but today we must make some progress ourselves to see how new knowledge relates to our culture.

The university and philosophy have come together for us to solve problems; why is there a negative outlook in our society, why is there no justice? Now we must find a space for thinking and after twenty years of playing a role, we have reached a point; now we are nothing, but we are ourselves.